The hon. Gentleman is being very generous in giving way. He says that he can remember the time when gates were left open and animals wandered across the border. He suggests that we would have to avoid that. I am intrigued by this. For the life of me, I cannot...
The hon. Gentleman is being very generous in giving way. He says that he can remember the time when gates were left open and animals wandered across the border. He suggests that we would have to avoid that. I am intrigued by this. For the life of me, I cannot...
Consistent statistics on agriculture have been collected for a longer period of time than for many other industries or subject areas. The first proper agricultural census of Great Britain was taken in 1865 and has been carried out annually in June ever since. It still collects much of the same information on crops areas and livestock numbers. Official statistics on annual crop yields were first published in 1884, livestock products at the start of the 20th century and annual data on agricultural workers from 1921.
This note sets out a small number of important indicators of UK agriculture that have been published annually over this time. Together they give an indication of some of the ways that agriculture has changed in response to events over the last 100 years or more including the two world wars, the depression of the 1930s, the post-war boom and entry into the European Community. These long runs of data also give some historical context to more recent changes in agriculture including the dramatic fall in prices and farm incomes in the late 1990s, BSE and the outbreak of foot and mouth disease.
A number of series, notably farm sizes and the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, are not sufficiently consistent or longstanding to include in this note. Most that are included have one or more breaks in their data. This is either because of changes to data collection which were intended to reflect changes in agriculture; improvements in methods of collection; or geographical change (the partition of Ireland for example). However, in most cases the impact is small and they do not limit the use of the data.
Consistent statistics on agriculture have been collected for a longer period of time than for many other industries or subject areas. The first proper agricultural census of Great Britain was taken in 1865 and has been carried out annually in June ever since. It still collects much of the same...
Yes, that is the value of the trip: we were able to make connections between the UK and the US, and between those who are developing the technology, to make sure that we share in the benefits seen in South Bend, which include the reduction of flooding through the use...
Yes, that is the value of the trip: we were able to make connections between the UK and the US, and between those who are developing the technology, to make sure that we share in the benefits seen in South Bend, which include the reduction of flooding through the use...
The hon. Gentleman makes a very good point. The House could of course lead by having bottled tap water instead of mineral water. As a farmer and previously a dairy farmer, I can say that dairy farmers often joke that they would be better off if, instead of milking cows,...
The hon. Gentleman makes a very good point. The House could of course lead by having bottled tap water instead of mineral water. As a farmer and previously a dairy farmer, I can say that dairy farmers often joke that they would be better off if, instead of milking cows,...
My Lords, I first declare my interest as a veterinary surgeon and a long-time member of the British Veterinary Association and the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, of which I was president. I am currently co-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare. I originally thought the Bill was...
My Lords, I first declare my interest as a veterinary surgeon and a long-time member of the British Veterinary Association and the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, of which I was president. I am currently co-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare. I originally thought the Bill was...
One thing I have discovered since being elected two years ago is that the public really want proper rules for animal welfare that are properly enforced and properly funded. In that respect, the hon. Lady’s point is well put.
Sadly, despite being valued members of households—part of the family—cats are not...
One thing I have discovered since being elected two years ago is that the public really want proper rules for animal welfare that are properly enforced and properly funded. In that respect, the hon. Lady’s point is well put.
Sadly, despite being valued members of households—part of the family—cats are not...
I am delighted to serve under your chairmanship, Sir Roger. I know that if you were not in the Chair you would be speaking in the debate, but unfortunately you have to keep mum. I hope we have done enough, and that you feel our representations have fully covered the...
I am delighted to serve under your chairmanship, Sir Roger. I know that if you were not in the Chair you would be speaking in the debate, but unfortunately you have to keep mum. I hope we have done enough, and that you feel our representations have fully covered the...
“Bonanza” is right, “cash cow” is right and “injustice” is right when it comes to the mineworkers’ pension scheme.
In a recent letter on this issue, the Treasury referred to the 50-50 split of the surplus sharing arrangement as “reasonable recompense” for past investment in the MPS. Indeed, the Department for...
“Bonanza” is right, “cash cow” is right and “injustice” is right when it comes to the mineworkers’ pension scheme.
In a recent letter on this issue, the Treasury referred to the 50-50 split of the surplus sharing arrangement as “reasonable recompense” for past investment in the MPS. Indeed, the Department for...
I swear that, for the past few times that I have spoken, the time limit has been reduced just before me, but I do not blame you, Madam Deputy Speaker.
It is truly an honour to follow my hon. Friend the Member for Blaenau Gwent (Nick Smith) who just gave such...
I swear that, for the past few times that I have spoken, the time limit has been reduced just before me, but I do not blame you, Madam Deputy Speaker.
It is truly an honour to follow my hon. Friend the Member for Blaenau Gwent (Nick Smith) who just gave such...
We have had a tremendous debate, which has combined passion, eloquence and reasonableness. Most importantly, not a single Member has put forward an iota of defence for the situation in which we currently find ourselves; indeed, support for the idea that that there must be justice has come from some...
We have had a tremendous debate, which has combined passion, eloquence and reasonableness. Most importantly, not a single Member has put forward an iota of defence for the situation in which we currently find ourselves; indeed, support for the idea that that there must be justice has come from some...
I agree, and London seems to do better than the rest of the country in terms of per-head transport investment, too.
None of the crossings in Northern Ireland is tolled, none in Scotland is tolled and, as we have heard, London is equally blessed. In fact, more than 90% of tidal...
I agree, and London seems to do better than the rest of the country in terms of per-head transport investment, too.
None of the crossings in Northern Ireland is tolled, none in Scotland is tolled and, as we have heard, London is equally blessed. In fact, more than 90% of tidal...
It is a pleasure to follow the hon. Member for Lewisham West and Penge (Ellie Reeves). Devotees of Mortimer and the Rumpole series will well remember the Penge bungalow murders, so it is appropriate that she has spoken in this debate.
I stand to speak as neither a lawyer, a member...
It is a pleasure to follow the hon. Member for Lewisham West and Penge (Ellie Reeves). Devotees of Mortimer and the Rumpole series will well remember the Penge bungalow murders, so it is appropriate that she has spoken in this debate.
I stand to speak as neither a lawyer, a member...
However, I get continual complaints about business rates from the landlord at the Moody Cow pub, which is very near to my home.
However, I get continual complaints about business rates from the landlord at the Moody Cow pub, which is very near to my home.
I am sure that those at the Moody Cow will be delighted not just with more frequent revaluations, but with when they can move on to the digitalisation of business rates, which we are discussing today.
People who make the clarion calls for the abolition, reduction or some other change to...
I am sure that those at the Moody Cow will be delighted not just with more frequent revaluations, but with when they can move on to the digitalisation of business rates, which we are discussing today.
People who make the clarion calls for the abolition, reduction or some other change to...
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58248/PN600
Agriculture is responsible for a substantial proportion of UK (10%) and global (10-12%) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that cause climate change. In the UK, climate change is projected to result in warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers. Globally, climate change is projected to increase temperatures and change rainfall patterns; increasing the frequency of extreme events, such as droughts and floods. Resulting impacts on food production come at a time when there is increasing pressure from population and consumption growth. Impacts of climate change on agriculture across the globe will have direct implications for UK food security as the UK imports 40% of the food it consumes.
Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate impacts as it is based on biological systems dependent on weather and climatic conditions. Impacts will vary by location, social and economic settings and the level of future global warming. However, any level of climate change will affect growing conditions for fruit cereals and livestock, including changes to temperature and the availability of water. Mitigation of GHG emissions from agricultural production can be achieved by changing demand for food production and adoption of best farming and land management practices.
Key points in this POSTnote include:
POSTnotes are based on literature reviews and interviews with a range of stakeholders and are externally peer reviewed. POST would like to thank interviewees and peer reviewers for kindly giving up their time during the preparation of this briefing, including:
Professor Alan Dangour, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine*
Dr Alexander Muller, The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)
Dr Anthony Velazquez, University College London
Brendan Freeman & Indra Thillainathan, UK Committee on Climate Change (CCC)
Dr Ceris Jones, National Farmers Union (NFU)*
Professor Charles Godfray, University of Oxford
David Bullock & Matt Williams, National Trust
Professor David Powlson, Rothamsted Research*
Dr Helen Downie, N8 AgriFood, University of Manchester*
Hugh Martineau, Ricardo Energy and Environment
Harley Stoddart, Kim Matthews & Martina Dorigo, Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB)*
Professor Joe Morris, University of Cranfield*
Laurence Webb, Tesco
Dr Marco Springmann, University of Oxford
Dr Matt Davies, University College London
Mike Barry, M&S
Nigel Maxted, University of Birmingham
Peter Sutton, Syngenta*
Professor Pete Smith, University of Aberdeen*
Dr Rick Bruintjes, Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)*
Dr Luke Spadavecchia, Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)*
Paul Nunn, Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)*
Tony Pike, Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)*
Dr Robin Fears, European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC)*
Professor Tim Benton, University of Leeds and Chatham House Visiting Fellow
Dr Tim Searchinger, World Resources Institute (WRI)
Dr Vera Eory, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC)
*Denotes people who acted as external reviewers of the briefing
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58248/PN600
Agriculture is responsible for a substantial proportion of UK (10%) and global (10-12%) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that cause climate change. In the UK, climate change is projected to result in warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers. Globally, climate change is projected to increase temperatures and change...
Indeed. That is a quite shocking example of the failure to prioritise what is happening right on our doorstep. It is absolutely vital that we see the funding in Wales that we need if we are to deliver. We all know how much support is required to deal with the...
Indeed. That is a quite shocking example of the failure to prioritise what is happening right on our doorstep. It is absolutely vital that we see the funding in Wales that we need if we are to deliver. We all know how much support is required to deal with the...
Thank you for calling me to speak, Sir Edward. I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Aldershot (Leo Docherty) on securing this important debate, and on setting out a very wise and thoughtful approach to relations with China. Too often in this place we concentrate on short-term issues that...
Thank you for calling me to speak, Sir Edward. I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Aldershot (Leo Docherty) on securing this important debate, and on setting out a very wise and thoughtful approach to relations with China. Too often in this place we concentrate on short-term issues that...
Moving rapidly forward, the key to this is scientific advances whereby things become safer all the time. Immunisation moved from China to Britain, and in 1799 in Britain, there was the development of vaccination—in other words, the use of cows to do this. There were then the developments of Louis...
Moving rapidly forward, the key to this is scientific advances whereby things become safer all the time. Immunisation moved from China to Britain, and in 1799 in Britain, there was the development of vaccination—in other words, the use of cows to do this. There were then the developments of Louis...
I welcome this debate in Government time on such an important topic as World Immunisation Week. It is just a wee bit tragic that it has been scheduled today, clashing with local government elections, and that therefore the Chamber is so empty when I am sure that many Members would...
I welcome this debate in Government time on such an important topic as World Immunisation Week. It is just a wee bit tragic that it has been scheduled today, clashing with local government elections, and that therefore the Chamber is so empty when I am sure that many Members would...
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