My Lords, I am pleased to open the debate on the Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive Scheme Regulations 2014. Before focusing on the details of these regulations, I will take time to provide some background to the scheme, which I shall now refer to as the RHI.
In November 2011, we introduced the world’s first long-term financial support programme for renewable heat—the non-domestic RHI. Today, I am very pleased to introduce the regulations to extend this innovative and ambitious scheme to householders.
This decade, the RHI will help to contribute to meeting the country’s 2020 renewables target. The RHI also has a longer-term ambition. By encouraging people to switch to renewable heating now, the RHI is preparing the country for the widespread rollout of low-carbon heating from 2020 onwards, helping us to achieve our 2050 aim of near-zero carbon emissions from household heating. The RHI and, in particular, the domestic scheme also have an immediate aim—to help householders to reduce their heating bills. Heating is the single biggest energy use for householders. For people living off the gas grid whose costs are greatest, this represents a significant burden. Off-gas grid consumers could see between 10% and 40% savings in their heating bills, as well as saving carbon by moving away from fossil fuels. Moreover, renewable heating systems function better within properly insulated homes. The domestic RHI, working with the Green Deal, can therefore offer a whole-house solution to high energy bills.
The RHI covers the whole of Great Britain, with Northern Ireland running its own scheme. Our non-domestic scheme, launched in 2011, supports the installation of renewable systems that heat commercial, public or not-for-profit properties and systems that
heat multiple homes. The latest published figures show that we already have in excess of 4,700 applications, more than £38 million paid in RHI support and more than 978 gigawatt hours of heat generated from renewable sources under that scheme.
It has always been our intention that the RHI will be extended to cover the domestic sector. The innovative nature of the domestic RHI as a world first means that it has been a challenging and time-intensive policy to develop. We have consulted extensively. In September 2012, a public consultation was launched to seek views on proposals for the domestic scheme. This provided us with a huge amount of valuable evidence from stakeholders and a wide range of views, all of which we have to consider.
Given the current economic climate and the need to deliver value for money through government expenditure, it was particularly important to get the scheme right. Following this period of extensive analysis, the finalised scheme outline was published in July 2013. Providing support until the launch of the domestic RHI, the renewable heat premium payment grant scheme has, to date, supported the installation of more than 17,000 renewable heating systems by homeowners and social landlords. The budget for the domestic RHI allows for more than 35,000 installations in the first year of the scheme before a reduction in tariffs is triggered.
The domestic RHI scheme which these regulations will implement will extend RHI support to renewable heating systems that heat individual homes, provided they were installed on or after 15 July 2009. The scheme will be open to everyone, whether they are connected to the gas grid or not. Those who live off the gas grid with high heating costs will benefit the most from switching to renewable heating. Homeowners, social and private landlords, their tenants, and self-builders can all benefit.
The domestic RHI will support biomass-only boilers and pellet-only stoves with integrated boilers. It will also support air-to-water, ground-to-water and water-to-water heat pumps, provided that they run on electricity. Both biomass and heat-pump systems will be eligible only if they deliver heat via a liquid—for example, through radiators—and provide space heating only or both space heating and hot water. Evacuated tube and flat plate solar thermal panels will be eligible too, although only if they provide just hot water. Panels that generate electricity as well as heat will not be eligible. The list of technologies that will be eligible at the launch of the scheme is fixed. That said, however, we recognise the importance of innovation and we will consider including other technologies in the future.
To provide consumer protection, the regulations require that all products meet specified, recognised European technology standards. Furthermore, an installation must be certified by the Microgeneration Certification Scheme or an equivalent scheme. MCS is a quality mark that demonstrates compliance with industry standards. It has a framework in place to deal with any potential disputes between homeowners and installers. We also want to protect air quality from any potential impacts of increased uptake of biomass; the domestic RHI therefore follows the non-domestic scheme by setting emissions limits in relation to the two main
pollutants for new biomass installations: particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen. Heat pumps need to meet an additional requirement: they must have a minimum efficiency rating—known as a seasonal performance factor—of 2.5 in order to ensure that they are genuinely renewable. Apart from self-builders who will already be meeting the requirements of current building regulations, we are also tackling the energy efficiency of homes by requiring loft and cavity wall insulation to be installed, where appropriate, and by requiring that a Green Deal assessment be undertaken.
Renewable heating technologies work best in an energy-efficient home and reducing the size of the heating demand from each house means that each home saves money on its fuel bills and that we can support more households through the RHI. The domestic RHI will provide ongoing support in the form of tariff payments based on a set rate per unit of renewable heat produced; the rate depends on the technology installed. Tariff rates compensate for the additional costs of installing a renewable heating system compared with a conventional off-gas grid system, such as an oil boiler. Ofgem will administer the domestic scheme and will make the payments over seven years. They will be calculated quarterly and adjusted to reflect inflation each year. The basis for the payments will be the amount of renewable heat produced by the technology. In most cases, it will be based on an estimate of the amount of heat that the home needs in a year, known as deeming. For biomass and heat-pump systems, this estimate will be taken from the property’s latest energy performance certificate. For heat pumps, the figure will be adjusted to take into account the estimated efficiency of the heat pump in order to ascertain the renewable proportion of the heat produced. For solar thermal systems, payments will be based on the estimate of system performance produced as part of the installation.
In certain circumstances, applicants will need to install meters and will be paid based on their meter readings—for example, where the installation is in a second home or where there is an additional system in place that also provides space heating. Any payments based on metering will be capped at the amount set by the deeming approach. On top of their RHI tariff payments, a householder could receive additional payments if they take up the metering and monitoring service package. These packages are similar to a service contract and will allow the householder and the installer to view detailed information about the heating system in order to improve its performance. Only heat pumps and pellet-only biomass boilers will be eligible for these additional payments. The payment for heat pumps will be £230 per year and for pellet boilers it will be £200 per year. A mechanism for managing the budget for the domestic scheme will be in place using degression to control costs. Degression works by gradually decreasing tariffs as quarterly thresholds of spend are reached. Any reductions will be announced with one month’s notice and the reduced tariffs will apply only to new applications. DECC will also publish monthly updates of spend and progress towards triggers which will allow applicants and installers to determine the likelihood of a future decrease to their tariff.
RHI participants will need to provide annual declarations and, in certain circumstances, further information about their ongoing compliance. Ofgem will also have the power to investigate further and to withhold or claim back payments of non-compliance.
Finally, a random selection of applicants will be chosen to have meters installed which collect data on performance of technologies for evaluation. The cost of the installation will be covered by DECC.
These regulations will have effect in England, Scotland and Wales. RHI policy in Northern Ireland is devolved. Scottish Ministers have given their consent to regulations as required by the Energy Act 2008. Northern Irish Ministers administer a separate but equivalent scheme and have been notified of these regulations, as have Welsh Ministers.
These regulations represent a significant and exciting step towards the goal of reshaping our heating market. The domestic RHI scheme will sit alongside its non-domestic counterpart in a world-first approach to incentivising the uptake of renewable heat. Its short-term aim will be to help households save on fuel bills and contribute towards helping the country meet its 2020 renewables target.
However, the ambition goes beyond that. It will also set the country on the path towards the wider rollout of renewable heating everywhere from the 2020s and onwards. Driven by RHI, we hope to see the industry expand, costs to reduce and consumer awareness and familiarity to increase. The result will be renewable heating becoming a viable and competitive alternative for all households. I commend these regulations to the Committee.