It is a pleasure to speak in this debate, which my neighbour, my right hon. and learned Friend the Member for Torridge and Tavistock (Sir Geoffrey Cox) introduced . Some farms that were once in his constituency are now in mine, so he may well recognise some of the stories that I will tell. He has done me a favour—I am making a speech tomorrow as well, so I will focus on a couple of key issues today. I will take the opportunity to speak directly about Devon while the Minister is in the Chamber, because tomorrow there will be a lot of voices in the farming debate.
My constituency of South West Devon has three types of rural landscape. We have land-based lowlands, coastal lowlands, and uplands, which are less favoured and include protected landscapes up on Dartmoor. Each presents its own challenges and opportunities, and requires special ways of farming, which is one of the values of family farming: a legacy is passed down from generation to generation, so that each one can share the stories, and keep those farms going. What I find most exciting about the constituency is that each of those farms now has farmers who are my generation, in their 40s or 50s, and whose parents are still alive in their 80s, so we have those long-term family farms, which are eager to keep doing their bit to keep Devon looking like Devon. It is worth saying that without our farmers, Devon would stop looking like Devon, because we need that rural landscape to complement the cities we have as well.
All those different farms are all family farms, and have overlapping challenges. It is worth briefly touching on those shared challenges. Our farms are generally smaller than they are in the rest of the south-west, let alone the rest of the country. The average farm in Devon is 16% smaller than south-west farms, which in turn are 34% smaller than farms across the country. That means that there are tighter profit margins. When we shout about agricultural property relief and capital grants programmes, it is because those farms are already tightly run. We are not the wealthy south-east; we are the south-west, and in particular, we are Devon. Farms are also more likely to be owned than tenanted, which is unusual compared with the rest of the country.
Turning to agricultural property relief, I want to briefly mention that for many ageing parents, whose children are often already involved in the farm if they have not taken over already, it has been a given that those farms would be passed down. There is a generation of people nearing middle age who expected to farm into the long term, but who are now rightly worried about what that will look like, both for them and for their children.
I want to talk specifically about the uplands that are now part of my constituency, but which once formed part of the constituency of my right hon. and learned Friend the Member for Torridge and Tavistock. I have spent a lot of time at Greenwell farm, where a fantastic farmer, Matt Cole, is passionate about upland farming and farming on Dartmoor, and recognises what an opportunity he has. He has some key questions about land that is designated as moorland permanent grassland pasture, which currently falls through the funding gap. While it is better for the environment and for the soil not to disturb it, farmers often only get more funding if they do something to that land. However, Dartmoor, as has been referenced in the Fursdon review, is different. Matt is keen to see if a role can be found for heritage grassland, and whether we could look at a classification for that.
The environmental land management moorland SFI offer is a real challenge on livestock numbers. Under higher-level stewardship, farmers could have 0.3 livestock units per hectare; under SFI 21, that drops to 0.16 per hectare. To decrease livestock numbers unlocks those SFI options, but stocking rates do not represent the land stock on Dartmoor if we lower them, and it does not enable us to do what we need to do to protect that landscape.
Where has DEFRA got to on moorland stocking rates? Dartmoor farmers are calling for flexibility on those stocking rates to reflect the findings of the Dartmoor review.
To conclude, I will make just a couple more points. The key issue for upland farms arises from the fact that DEFRA has promised a working group on uplands, specifically to look at this issue in future. What progress has been made on establishing that working group?
Finally, particularly regarding the coastal and lowland parts of my constituency, lots of other organisations feed into what farms are doing with DEFRA. Those organisations, including the Westcountry Rivers Trust and South Devon National Landscape, all receive money from DEFRA through other funding pots, which are all under threat. I believe that the plea of the farmers I have met in recent weeks is about the need for joined-up thinking. When we reduce one pot, for South Devon National Landscape, for example, that has an impact on farmers who might be struggling with their SFI funding.
Farmers are keen to ensure that they can produce, protect the environment, feed the nation, create and sustain good jobs, and generate economic growth, but they cannot do any of that unless they are allowed to get on with the job that they are keen to do.
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