Like other right hon. and hon. Members, I broadly welcome the devolution of the power to vary the Northern Ireland rate of corporation tax. I cast my mind back to 2006, when I was a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly while it was a shadow Assembly. My hon. Friend the Member for Foyle (Mark Durkan), who was my party leader at the time, appointed me to an all-party committee dealing with building and growing the economy in Northern Ireland. We took evidence, in sessions spanning a six-month period, from a range of people, some of whom were pivotal in raising the issue of the Northern Ireland Executive and Assembly having the ability to set our own rate of corporation tax. Central among them were the late Sir George Quigley, and Mr Hewitt from the Economic Research Institute of Northern Ireland. From the research that we carried out, we found that one of the impediments to a prospective Northern Ireland Executive setting corporation tax was the Azores judgment. We had to consider how the principle that it established could be circumvented so that we could achieve that power.
It was agreed in the committee’s report that other incentives were required to pump-prime the local economy. Chief among them were incentives in how small and large-scale developments were dealt with in the planning process. We said that we needed to equip our young people with skills and expertise, and that we needed manufacturing and industry to locate in Northern Ireland. I represent a constituency that was outside the area where foreign direct investment was located, and we said that we needed the visits that are normally the
precursor to such investment. We wanted to see a balanced approach to regional development in the location of manufacturing, business, the financial sector and new types of infrastructure, so that we could underpin and grow our economy. Those factors remain the same and are still important to growing our economy.
As the shadow Secretary of State indicated, we still have a youth unemployment level of about 19%, and we still have a high level of economic inactivity. Our education and further education sectors are therefore important in making a contribution to growing our economy. Above all that, as my hon. Friend the Member for Foyle and the hon. Member for Upper Bann (David Simpson) said, is the need to ensure that our young people stay in Northern Ireland, are educated there, gain their vocational training and academic qualifications there, and invest that training, knowledge and know-how in developing our economy. Nobody would disagree with that.
Other measures are required because while we are a public sector economy, tourism is also a principal economic driver in my constituency. I have talked to the Minister about this on several occasions, but I repeat my request for a reduction in VAT on tourism and tourism products, which I see as a UK measure. Such a reduction would pump-prime the sector and create the necessary jobs. The economic modelling for such a change was carried out by the Treasury, so the research is available.
We also have the evidence of the south of Ireland, which—notwithstanding its economic difficulties—has been able to keep its rate of VAT on tourism at 9%, compared with ours of 20%. Representing a border constituency in the north of Ireland, I have many constituents who are involved in tourism and other businesses and have to compete with that VAT rate. That is extremely difficult with mobile investment and people who live in the north but work in the south, and vice versa. Those issues must be addressed.
Another issue within the remit of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment and BT is proper and adequate access to broadband. Preference should be given to business centres so that they have immediate access to superhighway broadband, which they need to help build small to medium-sized businesses. That should be a priority.
I have several questions about the Bill. No doubt the details will be teased out in amendments to the legislation, but I also wish to raise them now. The Bill is 87 pages long and I have no doubt that it was drafted well in advance of the outcome of the Stormont House agreement. Is the engagement on the details between the Northern Ireland Executive, especially the Finance Minister, and Treasury Ministers still ongoing, or was the examination of the detail of the legislation carried out by the cross-ministerial working party on corporation tax? Or was the work solely done by the Treasury? I would also like to know what discussions were held with Northern Ireland authorities about applying the EU definition of small and medium-sized enterprises. We need clarity about the discussions and the agreement that was reached about the 75% threshold to be applied to determine what constitutes a Northern Ireland regional enterprise. We need that clarified in case any traps or restrictions are buried in the detail of the legislation.
At the moment, our principal economic lever is public expenditure and we all know that we face budgetary challenges, whether in the broader UK or in the Northern
Ireland context. We all need to be aware of what will confront us down the road. My questions also concern implementation and the cost to the block grant. While the rate will be set by the Northern Ireland Executive and Assembly, what modelling and analysis did the Treasury do on the impact on jobs and the cost to the block grant of differential potential rates? I find it hard to believe that such work has not been carried out: if it has, when was it carried out and can that analysis be made available in the Library and that information be communicated to Members?
As a result of undertaking research for this debate, I know that way back in February or March 2011 the Minister came to Lisburn and presented a Government consultation paper, which stated:
“In order to meet the fiscal autonomy condition, the NIE would need to bear the full fiscal consequences of changes in tax revenues resulting from a new Northern Ireland corporation tax rate. This means that Northern Ireland’s block grant would be adjusted to reflect the fiscal costs of a reduction in the rate of corporation tax.”
Has any modelling been done in that respect? What specific work has been done?
The Treasury paper suggests that critics of corporate tax devolution have pointed out that receipts from corporation tax are one of the most volatile categories of tax revenue. As the Institute for Fiscal Studies has observed, over time they vary substantially more than total receipts or national income, and replacing an element of the block grant with these revenues carries a considerable risk to the devolved Administration. Has modelling been done in that respect?
About four months ago, in October 2014, Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs published more detailed estimates for the shares of UK taxes arising in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Those estimates suggested that Northern Ireland’s share of corporation tax revenues had declined in the past few years and is now at about 1.2% of UK onshore corporation tax receipts. To increase those receipts and ensure they are invested in our local economy and in the businesses the hon. Member for East Antrim (Sammy Wilson) talked about, does the Minister not agree that there is a need to ensure not only that there is a greater regionally balanced location of foreign and direct investment, but that existing businesses are sustained in the local economy?
The Treasury paper also looked at the potential long-term impact of a cut in corporation tax boosting profits and consumption, thus increasing receipts based on consumption, and indicated that risks would be attached. It stated that if the tax cut failed to attract as much investment as expected, the Northern Ireland Executive would need to make up the difference. I am conscious of the challenging budgetary difficulties. Similarly, the risk associated with profit shifting from the rest of the UK would lie with the Northern Ireland Executive. Has that possibility been investigated fully and what is the current prevailing view of the Treasury and the Northern Ireland Office? Have fluctuations in tax revenues for a small corporate base been factored in?
Professor Trench, professor of politics at Ulster university, gave evidence to the Northern Ireland Affairs Committee in 2011. He stated then that,
“to comply with EU law, a substantial and irrevocable cut in the block grant will have to be made, based on present tax receipts.”
Has that perspective been considered and is it reflected in the proposed legislation?
The hon. Member for Belfast East (Naomi Long) and the hon. Member for East Antrim referred to the issue of brass plating, which has been factored into the Bill. I would hope that whatever is factored in is vigorous and robust. Chapter 17 relates to businesses excluded from claiming the new tax rate, including those lending and making investments, those undertaking investment management and those engaged in reinsurance. In addition, any back-office activity is excluded. What is meant by back office? The Bill does not say and just gives the Treasury the power to define it. It is a pretty fair bet, however, that some of the most mobile activities in the UK, such as accounting, data processing and even many call centres, will be back-office activities and so excluded. Further clarification is needed in that area.
In welcoming the Bill, I must add that we intend to table amendments in Committee to reflect our various concerns. We want a Northern Ireland economy that continues to grow and which ensures that young people who have emigrated can come back and invest in the local economy, and that those with academic, degree-level educations or vocational training can deploy their skills and expertise in our economy for the betterment of the people. The litmus test for the Bill will be whether it brings continual benefit to the local population.
In conclusion, I welcome the devolution of corporation tax. I hope that, along with other incentives, it brings significant benefit to the people of Northern Ireland; that our local economy grows; that our people stay; and that business is underpinned and promoted. I can think of two areas in my constituency, Kilkeel and Warrenpoint, with significant entrepreneurial skill and activity. One is a harbour importing and exporting and the other is a fishing port seeking proper port status, because it is now involved in an initiative to utilise its marine and engineering skills. I hope that the Bill, along with other incentives from other Departments here at Westminster and in the Northern Ireland Executive, will achieve that better deal for the people I represent.
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